Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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Who Gets MS?
Most people experience their first symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) between the ages of 20 and 40, but a diagnosis is often delayed. This is due to both the transitory nature of the disease and the lack of a specific diagnostic test-specific symptoms and changes in the brain must develop before the diagnosis is confirmed.
Although scientists have documented cases of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in young children and elderly adults, symptoms rarely begin before age 15 or after age 60. Whites are more than twice as likely as other races to develop Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In general, women are affected at almost twice the rate of men, however, among patients who develop the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) at a later age, the gender ratio is more balanced.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is five times more prevalent in temperate climates - such as those found in the northern United States, Canada, and Europe - than in tropical regions. Furthermore, the age of 15 seems to be significant in terms of risk for developing the disease - some studies indicate that a person moving from a high-risk (temperate) to a low-risk (tropical) area before the age of 15 tends to adopt the risk (in this case, low) of the new area and vice versa. Other studies suggest that people moving after age 15 maintain the risk of the area where they grew up.
These findings indicate a strong role for an environmental factor in the cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It is possible that, at the time of or immediately following puberty, patients acquire an infection with a long latency period. Or, conversely, people in some areas may come in contact with an unknown protective agent during the time before puberty. Other studies suggest that the unknown geographic or climatic element may actually be simply a matter of genetic predilection and reflect racial and ethnic susceptibility factors.
Periodically, scientists receive reports of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) "clusters." The most famous of these Multiple Sclerosis (MS) "epidemics" took place in the Faeroe Islands north of Scotland in the years following the arrival of British troops during World War II. Despite intense study of this and other clusters, no direct environmental factor has been identified. Nor has any definitive evidence been found to link daily stress to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) attacks, although there is evidence that the risk of worsening is greater after acute viral illnesses.
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References:
Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
National Institutes of Health
January 23, 2008
www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/detail_multiple_sclerosis.htm
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